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Commit 0a2c2f17 authored by Claude Becker's avatar Claude Becker
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How to use USB Harddisk or USB Memorysticks
===========================================
On our managed D-PHYS Linux workstations you can just plug in an USB harddisk or memory stick and the system will mount the filesystem automatically. If you pull it out again it will be automatically unmounted. If you wrote something on the filesystem please make sure to allow the system to write all data to the device before pulling it out. I.e., you should either wait 30 seconds or force synchronisation with the command `sync`
If you only read from the device there is no need to synchronise before removal of the device.
On our managed D-PHYS Linux workstations you can just plug in an USB harddisk or memory stick and the system will mount the filesystem automatically. If you pull it out again it will be automatically unmounted. If you wrote something on the filesystem please make sure to allow the system to write all data to the device before pulling it out. I.e., you should either wait 30 seconds or force synchronization with the command `sync`
If you only read from the device there is no need to synchronize before removal of the device.
The device will be mounted somewhere in `/media`
Personal Groups
===============
We use _personal groups_ to enable a clear-cut distinction between the user's personal files and those shared with others, for instance on a groupdrive. In practice this means that any D-Phys user's primary group (gid) has the same name as the username, while the secondary groups reflect his permissions to access ressources shared with other members of a group.
We use _personal groups_ to enable a clear-cut distinction between the user's personal files and those shared with others, for instance on a groupshare. In practice this means that any D-Phys user's primary group (gid) has the same name as the username, while the secondary groups reflect his permissions to access resources shared with other members of a group.
Unix permissions
----------------
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......@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ Notes on the system configuration
We also mostly have and use [zRAM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zram), `swapon` gives you an overview about it, as well as `cat /sys/block/zram*/comp_algorithm` on the used compression. Generally it's lzo-rle since 20.04.
For a long time we used to have XFS for /scratch* filesystems, around 2015, we switched to [btrfs](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/filesystems/btrfs.html) and thus can support live file system
compression. (There was a time when btrfs did not support swapfiles). It's [ext4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4) as of 2024.
For a long time we used to have XFS for /scratch* file systems, around 2015, we switched to [btrfs](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/filesystems/btrfs.html) and thus can support live file system
compression. (There was a time when btrfs did not support swap files). It's [ext4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4) as of 2024.
[exfat](https://github.com/exfatprogs/exfatprogs) support has been switched to the Samsung implementation for 20.04.
......@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ Plotting Software
Graphics Tools
--------------
* [The GIMP](https://gimp.org/tutorials/): tool to create and manipulate pixel oriented graphics files (e.g., JPEG, PNG, PPM, etc.), useful for working with photos, web graphics and more. Similar uses as Adobe PhotoShop
* [The GIMP](https://gimp.org/tutorials/): tool to create and manipulate pixel oriented graphics files (e.g., JPEG, PNG, PPM, etc.), useful for working with photos, web graphics and more. Similar uses as Adobe Photoshop
* [inkscape](https://inkscape.org/): Vector drawing software.
* [Scribus](https://www.scribus.net/): WYSIWYG desktop publishing
* xmgr, grace: an XY plotting tool
......@@ -273,13 +273,13 @@ PF machines have
* `rload | grep pf-pc`
GUENTHER cluster also has
The guenther cluster also has
* `rload | grep guenther`
* `pestat`
* [SLURM](https://scicomp.ethz.ch/wiki/Using_the_batch_system) batch queueing system
* [SLURM](https://scicomp.ethz.ch/wiki/Using_the_batch_system) batch queuing system
You can use `nice` to run jobs niced, or `cpulimit -l 50 -- yourjob` to limit cpu usage on your job to 50 %.
You can use `nice` to run jobs reniced, or `cpulimit -l 50 -- yourjob` to limit cpu usage on your job to 50 %.
Debugging
---------
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......@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Read the man page for `cdrecord` for more options and examples.
##### Section 3: Making ISO images
You may want to generate a CD image containing data. You can do this with the comand `mkisofs`.
You may want to generate a CD image containing data. You can do this with the command `mkisofs`.
```
mkisofs -r -o cdimage.iso private_collection/
......@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ mkisofs -r -o cdimage.iso private_collection/
You can then use `cdrecord` to write cdimage.iso to a CD.
More information The [CD-Writing Howto](http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/CD-Writing-HOWTO) is a good place to find more information about writing CDs under linux.
More information The [CD-Writing How-to](http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/CD-Writing-HOWTO) is a good place to find more information about writing CDs under linux.
##### Section 4: Reading a CD image
......@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ dd if=/dev/cdrom of=cdimage.iso bs=2048 count=<volume-size>
##### Section 5: Tips and Tricks
If you want to make sure that your CDs can be read on all possible CD drives it is recommended that you **pad** your CDs. This goes for makeing the CD with `mkisofs` and burning them with `cdrecord`. Just add the option `-pad` to both commands. It will take up a bit more space on the CD but then any CD drive should read the very same bytes.
If you want to make sure that your CDs can be read on all possible CD drives it is recommended that you **pad** your CDs. This goes for making the CD with `mkisofs` and burning them with `cdrecord`. Just add the option `-pad` to both commands. It will take up a bit more space on the CD but then any CD drive should read the very same bytes.
You can find out a lot of information about the CD drive and the media you are burning on by issuing the command`
......
VPN with Linux
==============
The central Informatikdienste [recommend](https://unlimited.ethz.ch/display/itkb/VPN) to use the Cisco Secure Client (formerly known as Cisco AnyConnect), but you can also use the native, opensource tools.
The central Informatikdienste [recommend](https://unlimited.ethz.ch/display/itkb/VPN) to use the Cisco Secure Client (formerly known as Cisco AnyConnect), but you can also use the native, open-source tools.
### Using the command line
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......@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ set folder="imaps://$USER@imap.phys.ethz.ch"
set spoolfile="imaps://$USER@imap.phys.ethz.ch/INBOX"
```
You need to replace `$USER` by a hardcoded value representing your D-PHYS username.
You need to replace `$USER` by a hard-coded value representing your D-PHYS username.
#### Optimizing your mutt configuration
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......@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Under **E-mail Accounts** can you add an Mail account.
[[!img /media/how_to_use_email_with_outlook/mail7.png size="450x"]]
This will be configured only by entering your First- and Lastname (Displayname), D-PHYS E-mail Address and Password. Outlook checks automatically for the correct servernames and encryption settings.
This will be configured only by entering your First- and Lastname (Displayname), D-PHYS E-mail Address and Password. Outlook checks automatically for the correct server names and encryption settings.
[[!img /media/how_to_use_email_with_outlook/mail3.png size="450x"]]
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......@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ We strongly recommend our users to stick to the "Old Outlook" for the time being
Do not use "Sync with Microsoft Cloud"
--------------------------------------
Together with the "New Outlook" interface, Microsoft is prompting users to sync their messages and contacts to the Microsoft Cloud. When enabled, what happens under the hood is a privacy nightmare forbidden by ETH usage policy. In particular the emails (for instance of your D-PHYS account) will not longer be fetched with IMAP by your computer, but directly from hosts in the "Microsoft Cloud" - using your personal username and password. So Microsoft will have access to your cleartext password and all your emails.
Together with the "New Outlook" interface, Microsoft is prompting users to sync their messages and contacts to the Microsoft Cloud. When enabled, what happens under the hood is a privacy nightmare forbidden by ETH usage policy. In particular the emails (for instance of your D-PHYS account) will not longer be fetched with IMAP by your computer, but directly from hosts in the "Microsoft Cloud" - using your personal username and password. So Microsoft will have access to your clear-text password and all your emails.
When adding new accounts, always uncheck "Sync with Microsoft Cloud". And whenever prompted to enhance the experience with "Microsoft Cloud" click "Sync directly with IMAP" instead. (Beware that the cloud sync can not be disabled for some other email providers, like Gmail. So when you add your Google account to Outlook on Mac, all your Gmail data will be synced to the Microsoft cloud.)
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......@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ How to Use Email with Thunderbird
Automatic configuration
-----------------------
If you start Thunderbird for the first time, it will be automatically configured only with entering your D-PHYS username and emailadress. Thunderbird will check for the correct servernames and encryption.
If you start Thunderbird for the first time, it will be automatically configured only with entering your D-PHYS username and emailadress. Thunderbird will check for the correct server names and encryption.
[[!img /media/how_to_use_email_with_thunderbird/tb2.png size="450x"]]
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......@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ In Outlook go to the settings in **File** > **Options** > **Mail** and change th
[[!img /media/windows/outlook/outlook_disable_rtf_2.png size="450x"]]
The preferred setting should be `plain text` because email is only standardised for plain text.
The preferred setting should be `plain text` because email is only standardized for plain text.
HTML formatting may look different in every client because it is not standardized.
Rich text format (RTF) is Outlook specific and should never be used.
......
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